Meluhha

Meluhha

Archeologists discovered that ancient Mesopotamians engaged in trade with a region known as Meluhha. It is said that Meluhha referred to a nation noted on a clay tablet discovered in that region. Based on various conclusions, archaeologists have determined that Meluhha was located in India. However, this writer perceives it as a city, specifically the city of Meluhha (𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠), rather than a country in that sense. This writer asserts that the historic city of Mohenjo-Daro, part of the Indus Valley civilization, was truly Meluhha.

Sri Lanka

Many think that modern Sri Lanka is the historical city of Lanka associated with Ravana. The comparison between Sri Lanka and Ravana’s Lanka is based on the assumption that the Samudra traversed by Rama and Hanuman was an ocean. It was just assumed that the Gulf of Mannar, which divides mainland India from the Island of Sri Lanka, had to be the Sea traversed by Rama and his Vanara sena (Monkey troops).

However, it should be noted that the term Samudra is utilized in our texts to indicate a river or a pond as well. Nowhere in the Ramayana is Lanka referred to as an Island. Ravana’s Lanka was called merely a City. Thus, we cannot concur with the assertion that the ancient city of Lanka from the Ramayana corresponds to modern-day Sri Lanka. So, where exactly should ancient Lanka be placed on Earth? 

Mohenzo daro

However, it should be noted that the term Samudra is utilized in our texts to indicate a river or a pond as well. Nowhere in the Ramayana is Lanka referred to as an Island. Ravana’s Lanka was called merely a City. Thus, we cannot concur with the assertion that the ancient city of Lanka from the Ramayana corresponds to modern-day Sri Lanka. So, where exactly should ancient Lanka be placed on Earth? After Sita  was abducted by Ravana from Panchavati and taken to Lanka, Ravana shows his Capital city of Lanka to Sita Devi and says like this,

दीर्घिकाः पुष्करिण्यश्च नानावृक्षसमन्विताः
रावणॊ दर्शयामास सीतां शॊकपरायणां

dIrghikaaH puShkariNyaSca naanaavRukShasamanvitaaH
raavaNO darSayaamaasa sItaaM SOkaparaayaNaaM
(SlOka 12, sarga 55, araNya kaaMDa)

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“Look at these Deep Wells and / or rectangular Ponds surrounded by Trees in the gardens. But Sita  was disinterested in  what Ravana  was telling because she was in deep sorrow (for having got detached from Rama). “

विमानं पुष्पकं तस्य कामगं वै जहार यः
वनं चैत्ररथं दिव्यं नळिनीं नंदनं वनं

vimaanaM puShpakaM tasya kaamagaM vai jahaara yaH
vanaM caitrarathaM divyaM naLinIM naMdanaM vanaM
(SlOka 15, sarga 32, araNya kaaMDa, Ramayanam) 

Ravana persists with his words, “O Sita! Observe this Sacred Pond (Vimanam) brimming with Lotus blossoms. This garden is known as Chaitraratha. Lotus flowers possess sacred abilities, and they grant our desires. Vimana is typically interpreted as an ancient flying vehicle or aircraft.

This text is taken from the author’s Book, ‘A Tribute to the Ancient world of India‘.

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