Jyotish shastra
Astrology is referred to as Jyotish shastra in the Sanskrit language. It is one of the Vedangas. Jyotish sashtra or Jyothisham is simply Indian Astrology. While Western astrology assesses cosmic effects on humans and the earth based on the Sun, Indian astrology emphasizes the significance of Lunar (moon) movements. In Indian astrology, months are determined according to the movements of the moon across the sky. Nevertheless, both systems rely on the movements of the Sun (solar) for their years. (Vastu Shastra is a component of Jyotish Shastra.)
Janam Kundli
According to Indian astrology, there are nine planets, twelve zodiac signs, and twenty-seven moon-based stars. All these factors affect an individual’s Janam Kundli. These entities are believed to exert their cosmic influence on human lives. This is referred to as Jyotishya sastra. (When we add the star Abhijit, the total count of stars reaches 28.) The nine planets are Budha (Mercury), Shukra (Venus), Kuja (Mars), Bruhastpati (Jupiter), Sani (Saturn), Ravi (Sun), Chandra (Moon), along with Rahu and Ketu.
In India, three types of astrological charts are utilized. These three consist of one Barhaspatya manam, two Chandra manam, and three Surya manam.
For instance, Surya manam is utilized by Tamils and Maharashtrians, while Chandra Mana is employed by Telugu speakers, and North Indians use both Barhaspatya mana and Chandra Mana.
Rashi names
There are 12 Rashis, zodiac signs, beginning with Mesha. The signs are Mesha, Vrishabha, Mithuna, Karkataka, Simha, Kanya, Tula, Vrischika, Dhanus, Makara, Kumbha, and finally Meena.
The ruling planets for these Rashis, in order, are: Kuja (Mars), Sukra (Venus), Budha (Mercury), Chandra (Moon), Ravi (Sun), Budha (Mercury), Sukra (Venus), Kuja (Mars), Bruhaspati (Jupiter), Sani (Saturn), Sani (Saturn), and Bruhaspati (Jupiter).
These astrological signs and governing planets are similar to Greek zodiac signs. And it is widely understood that each zodiac sign covers a space of 30 degrees within the total 360 degrees
Unique to Indian astrology is naming of groups of Stars totaling 27.
Indian astrology is distinguished by the naming of 27 groups of stars. Every star takes up 13 degrees and 20 minutes. Every star is split into 4 segments, with each segment occupying 3 degrees and 20 minutes.
A Star is actually a collection of Stars rather than just one star. Every Zodiac or Rashi contains 9 segments of stars. For instance, the initial Rashi of Mars or Mesha will encompass the 4 quarters of Asvini, the 4 quarters of Bharani, and one quarter of Krittika.
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Nakshatras
These 27 Nakshatras include:
There are 27 Stars, specifically 27 clusters of Stars accordingto lunar positions in Indian Astrology. Thenames are Asvini, Bharani, Kruttika, Rohini, Mrugasira, Aarudra, Punarvasu, Pushyami, Ashlesha, Magha, Purva Phalguni, Uttara Phalguni, Hasta, Chitta, Swati, Vishakha, Anuradha, Jyeshtha, Mula, Purvashada,Uttarashada,Shravan, Dhanishta, Shatabhisha,Purvabhadra, Uttarabhadra, and finally Revati.
Sun or Ravi finishes his journey of 12 Rashis within 12 months. Whilethe Moon or Chandra traverses a Rashi in approximately 2 and a half days. Thus, the Moon finishesitsjourneythrough 12 Rashis in roughly 30 days. The moon orbits the Zodiac 12 times each year.
Theyearconsistsof 12 months, which are: Chaitra, Vaishaakha, Jyeshta,Ashadah, Sravana, Bhaadrapada, Aswayija, Kaartika, Margasira, Pousha, Maagha, and Phalguna.
The division of months in Indian astrology is considered more scientific than in other systems. Every month is designated with the names of 12 Stars from the 27 stars listed earlier.
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For instance, the Lunar month begins with Chaitra masa. In the month of Chaitra, the Moon moves into Star Chitra on the day of the full moon (Pournami). In the month of Vaishakham, the moon will reside in the Star Vishakha on the full moon day of that month and so forth.
A day is split into day and night, referred to as Aho and Ratra respectively. Therefore, one Ahoratra consists of a complete day plus the night. A day comprises 30 ghadiyas, while a night is also split into 30 ghadiyas. Therefore, 60 ghadiyas (24 hours) equal one complete day. Thus, 24 minutes equal one Ghadiya.
One Vara or a week consists of seven days. Days are referred to as Varas. Sunday is Adi Vara. Monday is Soma vara. Tuesday is Mangala Vāra. Budhavara is the name for Wednesday. Thursday is referred to as Guru vara. Friday is referred to as Sukra vara. Saturday is referred to as Shanivara.
Four weeks make one month.
Tithis
A unique categorization of a month is created based on Tithis. Every day in the lunar month is called tithi. A month comprises 30 tithis, with each having different duration of time. One tithi is approximately 60 ghadiyas. The duration of time for this tithi often shifts and is not constant. This duration relies on the lunar position related to its distance from the sun, which changes as it travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun
Full moon days are known as Pournami, while no moon days are referred to as Amaavasya. The other 28 tidhis (14 x 2) are Padyami, Vidiya, Tadiya, Chaviti, Panchami, Shashti, Saptami, Ashtahami, Navami, Dasami, Ekadasi, Dwadasi, Trayodasi, and Chaturdasi – these fourteen tidhis occur twice in a month and account for 28 tithis of a month.
A month is split into two pakshas (fortnights). These two groups of identical 14 tidhis from Padyami to Chaturdasi alternate before Pournami and after Pournami twice. The days in a month begin with Padyami and conclude with Amaavasya. The initial 15 days starting from Padyami and continuing to Pournami are referred to as Shukla Paksha (the waxing phase of the Moon). Fifteen days beginning from Padyami after Pournami and concluding with Amavasya are referred to as Krishna Paksha (the waning of the moon), marking the end of a month.